Asepsis and antisepsis are important measures in medical practice. An idea of the spread of diseases was vaguely there but the vanity of the idea that a physician "could do no harm to a patient" was even more harmful in the old days. Vienna and Europe during these times were the seats of excellence in medical practice. The renowned practitioners were there together with the best clinics. Still, a considerable number of unaccountable deaths occurred where a real reason could n

Mixing and matching is Nature's plan to combine and recast DNAs constantly in the search for a better set of chromosomes. We, humans, are...

There are a large number of substances that help the adherence of opposing surfaces of various types of materials. Adhesives or glues as...

The human body has three systems of vascular channels. We all know and are principally aware of the arterial system which propels...

Anticoagulation is an important consideration for cardiothoracic surgeons. We are all aware of the nature of flowing blood of forming...

In 1896, Sir Stephen Paget wrote a book titled “ Surgery of the Chest”. In his book, he elaborated on the then thoracic procedures in...